Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats

Purpose To evaluate renal histological changes by stereology and morphometry and analyze the main markers of oxidative stress in rats undergoing natural aging. Methods Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 12 rats each, which were euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Right kidney was stereologically and morphometrically analyzed to calculate the volumetric density (Vv[glom]), numerical density (Nv[glom]) and glomerular volume (Vol[glom]). Left kidney was used to determine the levels of nonprotein thiols, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, as well as the activities of superoxide-dismutase and catalase enzymes. Results Both Vv[glom] and Nv[glom] values showed gradual decreases between groups. Activity of superoxide-dismutase was elevated at 24 months of age, and the levels of nonprotein thiols were higher in older animals. Greater catalase activity and protein carbonylation were observed in animals between 6 and 12 months of age but lessened in older rats. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the older groups. Conclusions Morphometric and stereological analyses revealed a gradual decrease in the volume and density of renal glomeruli during aging, as well as kidney atrophy. These findings related to oxidative stress clarify many changes occurring in kidney tissues during senescence in rats.

Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats

Abstract Purpose To evaluate renal histological changes by stereology and morphometry and analyze the main markers of oxidative stress in rats undergoing natural aging. Methods Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 12 rats each, which were euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Right kidney was stereologically and morphometrically analyzed to calculate the volumetric density (Vv[glom]), numerical density (Nv[glom]) and glomerular volume (Vol[glom]). Left kidney was used to determine the levels of nonprotein thiols, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, as well as the activities of superoxide-dismutase and catalase enzymes. Results Both Vv[glom] and Nv[glom] values showed gradual decreases between groups. Activity of superoxide-dismutase was elevated at 24 months of age, and the levels of nonprotein thiols were higher in older animals. Greater catalase activity and protein carbonylation were observed in animals between 6 and 12 months of age but lessened in older rats. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the older groups. Conclusions Morphometric and stereological analyses revealed a gradual decrease in the volume and density of renal glomeruli during aging, as well as kidney atrophy. These findings related to oxidative stress clarify many changes occurring in kidney tissues during senescence in rats.

Stereological analysis of elastic fibers of the corpus cavernosum of rats during the aging process

Abstract Purpose To evaluate changes in the quantity of elastic fibers in the corpora cavernosa of rats during the natural aging process, and to assess the degree of this change by determining volumetric density (Vv) at different ages via stereological analysis. Methods Forty-eight rats, raised under similar conditions, were subjected to the natural aging process and divided into four groups (G1 to G4), according to age at the time of penectomy (6, 9, 12, and 24 months, respectively). Histological sections of the middle segment of the penis were stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin, and the volumetric density (Vv) of elastic fibers of the corpora cavernosa were determined via stereological analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in Vv among groups G1, G2, and G3. These three groups were therefore considered as a single group. The mean Vv of this group showed a statistically significant reduction compared to that of G4 (0.16 vs. 0.11, p<0.05). Conclusion Natural aging in rats was responsible for a reduction in volumetric density of elastic fibers of the corpora cavernosa (approximately 30% decrease in Vv) during senescence.

Stereological and morphological analysis of the effects of aging on spermatogenesis in rat testis

Abstract Purpose: To quantify, through stereological and morphometric analysis, spermatogenesis in rats undergoing the natural aging process. Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups according to age at the time of killing: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. All the rats were subjected orchiectomy and collection of testicular parenchymal fragments for histological and morphometric analysis. The numerical density of spermatids was calculated using a stereological study, and morphometric analysis was conducted to measure the height of the germinal epithelium and the area of the seminiferous tubules. Results: We found that the 18 and 24 months groups showed a significant reduction in the number of round spermatids. However, the height of the germinal epithelium was not significantly different between the groups. The area of seminiferous tubules was also significantly reduced in the elderly rats compared to that in the young ones. Conclusion: Aging of rats showed a significant reduction in the number of round spermatids and the area of the seminiferous tubules, more pronounced in the rats at 18 and 24 months of life.

Quantitative analysis of the renal aging in rats. Stereological study

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the renal function and the renal histological alterations through the stereology and morphometrics in rats submitted to the natural process of aging. METHODS: Seventy two Wistar rats, divided in six groups. Each group was sacrificed in a different age: 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. It was performed right nephrectomy, stereological and morphometric analysis of the renal tissue (renal volume and weight, density of volume (Vv[glom]) and numerical density (Nv[glom]) of the renal glomeruli and average glomerular volume (Vol[glom])) and also it was evaluated the renal function for the dosage of serum creatinine and urea. RESULTS: There was significant decrease of the renal function in the oldest rats. The renal volume presented gradual increase during the development of the rats with the biggest values registered in the group of animals at 12 months of age and significant progressive decrease in older animals. Vv[glom] presented statistically significant gradual reduction between the groups and the Nv[glom] also decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The renal function proved to be inferior in senile rats when compared to the young rats. The morphometric and stereological analysis evidenced renal atrophy, gradual reduction of the volume density and numerical density of the renal glomeruli associated to the aging process.

Laparoscopia no tratamento do ureter retrocava: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Laparoscopy in the treatment of retrocaval ureter: a case report and literature review

É apresentado um caso de ureter retrocava em paciente com queixa de dor lombar à direita, tratada após confirmação por tomografia computadorizada de abdome com contraste intravenoso com transposição do ureter direito (ureteroplastia) associada à implantação de cateter duplo J. sem intercorrências. Dessa forma, enfatiza-se a importância dessa malformação como uma das causas de uropatia obstrutiva e o uso de métodos de imagem para diagnosticá-la.

Perfil epidemiológico do trauma dentário e facial em Curitiba / Epidemiological profile of dental and facial trauma in Curitiba

Introdução: Trauma é uma lesão produzida por ação violenta, em geral de natureza física externa ao organismo.O atendimento é de urgência e alta complexidade. O trauma, além de sequelas físicas, traz também sequelas psicológicas graves. Os traumas faciais e dentários causam grandes conflitos psicológicos em virtude do comprometimento da estética. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do trauma dentofacial nos pacientes atendidos no ano de 2009, no Pronto-Socorro Geral e Odontológico do Hospital Universitário Cajuru, na cidade de Curitiba (PR). Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise retrospectiva de 1.380 prontuários de pacientes vítimas de trauma dentofacial atendidos no Hospital Universitário Cajuru no ano de 2009. Resultados: O sexo masculino compreendeu 66,37% dos pacientes traumatizados.A faixa etária de zero aos 10 anos foi a mais afetada, com 38,47%. As quedas foram o principal motivo dos traumas (53,92%). Os domingos (17,39%) e o período noturno (35,90%) foram os momentos mais frequentes dos traumatismos. O trauma dentário mais frequente foi a fratura coronária (30,25%) e os dentes mais acometidos foram os incisivos centrais (45,64%) Conclusão: As crianças foram as principais vítimas.O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido. Os traumas ocorrem, em sua maioria, durante a noite, sendo que no domingo a ocorrência desse tipo de trauma foi maior. A etiologia da maioria dos traumas são as quedas.O trauma dentário mais frequente foi a fratura coronária sendo que os dentes incisivos centrais são os mais frequentemente afetados. A maioria dos pacientes não sofreu fraturas ósseas associadas.

Introduction: Trauma is a lesion produced by a violent action, usually from outside the body. The service isurgent and of high complexity. The facial trauma brings high physiological conflict due to the impairment ofaesthetics. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of dentofacial traumaof patients treated during the year 2009 in the Dental Emergency Service of the Cajuru Hospital, located inthe city of Curitiba (PR, Brazil). Materials and methods: The study was carried out through the retrospectiveanalysis of 1,380 medical records of patients victims of dentofacial trauma taken care in CajuruHospital duringthe year of 2009. Results: It was observed that 66,37% from the affected patients were men. Children (0 to 10years old) were the most affected age group, with 38,47%. The falls were the main cause of traumas (53,92%).Sundays (17,39%) and the nighttime (35,90%) were the most frequentperiod of time that traumas occurred.The most frequent type of trauma was the coronary fracture (30,25%) and the most affected teeth were centralincisors (45,64%). Conclusions: The children were the main victims of dentofacial trauma. The male sex wasthe most affected. It was noticed that traumas occur mostly during the night and on Sundays. The most frequentlyreported etiology of trauma was fall. The coronal fracture was the most frequent type of fracture andthe central incisor was the most affected tooth. Most of the patients did notreport associated bone fractures.

Ectopia renal intratorácica: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Intrathoracic renal ectopia: case report and literature review

O rim intratorácico é a mais rara das ectopias renais, diagnosticado na maioria das vezes por achado em exames complementares de imagem. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de rim intratorácico encaminhado ao Hospital de Clínicas-UFPR como diagnóstico diferencial de massa intratorácica e fazer uma breve revisão de literatura.

Tumor adenomatoide epididimário: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura / Adenomatoid tumor of the epididimys: report a two cases and review the literature

Tumores adenomatóides são tumores mesoteliais benignos geralmente encontrados nas estruturas paratesticulares. Relatamos dois casos de tumor adenomatoide no epididímo. Revisamos a literatura sobre tumores epididimários, suas apresentações, métodos e diagn´soticos e tratamento.

Trombocitose como fator prognóstico no câncer colorretal / Trombocitosis as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer

Objetivos - Investigar o significado prognóstico da trombocitose nos pacientes com câncer colorretal. Método - Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, com análise de 243 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a operações por câncer colorretal. Foram comparados os dados do estadiamento, recidiva tumoral e óbitos por câncer com a ocorrência de trombocitose no pré-operatório. O grupo controle foi composto de 50 pacientes submetidos à herniorrafia. A média da contagem de plaquetas no pré-operatório destes pacientes foi utilizada para dividir os pacientes em dois grupos: grupo 1, pacientes com contagem de plaquetas abaixo dessa média e grupo 2, pacientes com contagem de plaquetas acima dessa média. Resultados - A média da contagem plaquetária foi 317000/ìl entre os pacientes com câncer e de 267000 entre os pacientes do grupo controle. A prevalência da trombocitose no câncer colorretal foi 32,1 por cento. Dentre os óbitos por câncer, 56,7 por cento ocorreram em pacientes com trombocitose e 32 por cento em pacientes com plaquetas normais (p=0,001). Utilizando a média do grupo controle, a diferença foi ainda mais significativa (p=0,0004). Quanto à recidiva tumoral, 40 por cento dos pacientes do grupo 2 tiveram recidiva e 17,9 por cento do grupo 1 (p=0,003). Com relação ao estadiamento T, no grupo 1, 14,1 por cento eram T1 e 8,4 por cento T4. No grupo 2, 2,2 por cento eram T1 e 19,5 por cento T4 (p=0.0005). Metástases à distância foram encontradas em 9,4 por cento dos pacientes do grupo 1 contra 21,8 por cento do grupo 2 (p=0.02). No que diz respeito ao estadiamento TNM, no grupo 1, 24,6 por cento eram estadio 1 e 11 por cento estadio 4. No grupo 2, 9,6 por cento eram estadio 1 e 22,8 por cento estadio 4 (p=0,02). Conclusão - A contagem de plaquetas no pré-operatório parece ser útil em identificar pacientes com prognóstico desfavorável.

Aims - To investigate the prognostic value of thrombocytosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Method - Charts of 243 patients with colorectal cancer that had undergone surgical treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Data on TNM staging, tumor recurrence and cancer death were compared with the occurrence of thombocytosis before surgery. The control group was formed by fifty patients submitted to herniorrhaphy. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of mean platelet count of control group: group 1, patients with platelet count below that mean and group 2, patients with platelet count above that level. Results - The mean platelet count was 317000/ìl among cancer patients and 267000/ìl in the control group patients. Prevalence of thrombocytosis in patients with colorectal cancer was 32,1 percent. The cancer death rate was 56,7 percent in patients with thrombocytosis and 32 percent in patients with normal platelet count (p=0,001). When the platelet count mean of control group was used, the difference was significantly greater (p=0004). Tumor recurrence occurred in 40 percent of group 2 patients and in 17,9 percent of group 1 patients (p=0,003). Regarding T staging, on group 1, 14,1 percent of patients were T1 and 8,4 percent were T4. On group 2, 2,2 percent were T1 and 19,5 percent were T4 (p=0,0005). Distant metastasis were found in 9,4 percent patients of group 1 and 21,8 percent of group 2 (p=0,02). Considering TNM staging, group 1 had 24,6 percent of patients in stage 1 and 11 percent in stage 4. On group 2, 9,6 percent belonged to stage 1 and 22,8 percent to stage 4 (p=0,02). Conclusion - Preoperative platelet count seems to be a helpful indicator of patients with poor prognosis.

Estudo da prevalência dos óbitos por trauma nos principais pronto-socorros de Curitiba no período de abril/2001 a abril/2002 / Prevalence deaths by trauma in the main emergency hospitals of Curitiba in the period 04/2001 until 04/2002

O trauma é a terceira maior causa de morte no mundo, com índices menores que as neoplasias e doenças cardiovasculares. Esse estudo objetiva verificar a prevalência de óbitos por trauma nos tres principais pronto-socorros curitibanos, quanto às etiologias mais frequêntes, o sexo e a faixa et0ria mais acometidos e evidenciar a média de anos perdidos devido a esse agravo. Ocorreram no período de abril/2001 a abril/2002 749 óbitos por trauma. A causa mais frequênte foi acidente de trânsito, 43,9 por cento. A faixa etária mais acometida foi 24-29 anos (17,8 por cento), sendo a idade média da mortalidade 35,5 anos, representando 29,5 anos produtivos perdidos. O sexo mais afetado foi o masculino, 82,2 por cento. Conclui-se que jovens em idade produtiva morrem mais por acidentes de trânsito. A maioria destes säo homens e perdem em média quase 30 anos produtivos, levando-se em conta que a vida produtiva de uma pessoa se estende até os 65 anos